THOUGHTS ON THE SABBATH by
J.N. Andrews
Those who
observe the Sabbath of the Bible, are able to present as its foundation, a divine institution. “God blessed the seventh
day, and sanctified it.” Genesis 2:3. To sanctify is “to separate, set apart,
or appoint to a holy, sacred, or religious use.” Webster.
It was by this act of the great Creator, that the Sabbath was made for man.
Exodus 20:11; Mark 2:27. As God has never taken this blessing from the seventh
day, and has never given to secular purposes the day which he here “set apart
to a holy use,” the original institution still
exists. As he has never sanctified
another day as a weekly Sabbath, the Sabbath of the Lord is the only Sabbatic institution.
Exodus 20:10.
As God
made the Sabbath in paradise, when the morning stars sang together and all the
sons of God shouted for joy, it follows that it
is not Jewish, not a carnal ordinance,
not a yoke of bondage, but a sacred
institution made for the well-being of the human family, while yet upright. The
great Creator rested first on the seventh day and was refreshed. Exodus 31:17.
The Son of God who kept his Father’s commandments, followed this example, [John
15:10; Exodus 20:8-11,] and thus, also, did the entire church so far as
inspiration gives us the facts.
After
giving the institution of the Sabbath, the book of Genesis, in its brief record
of 2370 years, does not again mention it. This has been urged as ample proof
that those holy men, who during this period were perfect and walked with God in
the observance of his commandments, statutes and laws, [Genesis 5:24; 6:9;
26:5,] all lived in open profanation of that day which God had blessed and set
apart to a holy use. But the book of Genesis also omits any distinct reference
to the doctrine of future punishment, the resurrection of the body, the
revelation of the Lord in flaming fire, and the judgment of the great day. Does
this silence prove that the patriarchs did not believe these great doctrines?
Does it make them any the less sacred?
But the
Sabbath is not mentioned from Moses to David, a period of five hundred years
during which it was enforced by the penalty of death. Does this prove that it
was not observed during this period? The jubilee occupied a very prominent
place in the typical system, yet in the whole Bible a single instance of its
observance is not recorded. What is still more remarkable, there is not on
record a single instance of the observance of the great day of atonement,
notwithstanding the work in the holiest on that day was the most important
service connected with the worldly Sanctuary. And yet the observance of the
other and less important festivals of the seventh month, which are so
intimately connected with the day of atonement, the one preceding it by ten days,
the other following it in five, is repeatedly and particularly recorded. Ezra
3:1-6; Nehemiah 8:2, 9-12, 14-18; 1 Kings 8:2, 65; 2 Chronicles 5:3; 7:8, 9;
John 7:2-14, 37. It would be sophistry to say that this silence respecting the
day of atonement, when there were so many instances for it to be mentioned,
proves that that day was never observed; and yet it is actually a better
argument than the similar one urged against the Sabbath from the book of
Genesis.
The
reckoning of time by weeks was established in Genesis 1; 2. This period of time
is marked only by the recurrence of the sanctified Rest-day of the Creator.
That the patriarchs reckoned time by weeks and by sevens of days, is evident
from several texts. Genesis 29:27, 28; 8:10, 12; 7:4, 10; 50:10; Job 2:13. That
the reckoning of the week was rightly kept appears evident from the fact that
in Exodus 16, Moses on the sixth day declares that “tomorrow is the rest of the
holy Sabbath unto the Lord.” Verses 22, 23.
But if the
opponents of the Sabbath, claim that a knowledge of the true seventh day was
lost in the patriarchal age, we will now show that before God gave the ten
commandments he pointed out the true seventh day in a manner which could not be
mistaken. First. By a direct miracle. God caused the fall of a certain quantity
of manna each day of the week to the sixth day when there was a double
quantity. Exodus 16:4, 5, 29. Second. On the seventh day, which Moses calls the
Sabbath, there was none. Verses 25-27. Third. That which was gathered on the
sixth day kept good over the seventh, whereas it would corrupt in the same
length of time on other days. Compare verses 23, 24, with verses 19, 20. This
three-fold weekly miracle continued the space of forty years. Verse 35; Joshua
5:12. The fact is settled, then, beyond all controversy that the Sabbath of the
Lord which was made in Paradise, was here directly pointed out by God himself.
And to this important testimony we add the declaration of Nehemiah 9:13, 14,
that God made known to Israel his holy Sabbath.
No one
pretends that the true seventh day was lost by the Jewish church after this.
And it is certain that as late as our Lord’s crucifixion they observed the true
seventh day. They rested upon the day enjoined in the fourth commandment;
namely, the day which the Lord rested upon and hallowed at creation. Luke
23:55, 56; Exodus 20:8-11; Genesis 2:3.
Since the
record of inspiration closed, the Jews and the Christians, each scattered in
every land under heaven, have carefully kept the reckoning of the week. If a
mistake in this reckoning had been made, a discrepancy would at once manifest
this. For it is certain that every Jew and every Christian under heaven could
not at the same time make the same mistake. The fact that there is no such
discrepancy is decisive testimony that such mistake has not been made.
Consequently we have the true seventh day from creation.
When God
gave his law in person, in the hearing of the people, by the fourth precept of
that law he solemnly enforced the observance of the holy Sabbath. Exodus
20:8-11. In explicit language the great Law-giver states the reason why he made
the Sabbath and the time when this act was performed. “For in six days the Lord
made heaven and earth, the sea and all that in them is, and rested the seventh
day; wherefore [i.e., for this reason] the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and
hallowed it.” This is the reason why God made the Sabbath. It is the same
reason that is stated in Genesis 2:3.
The act by
which God made the Sabbath is here stated with distinctness. It was his act of
blessing and hallowing his Rest-day. The time when this act was performed is
here given as in Genesis 2:2, 3; namely, the close of the creation week. And it
is worthy of note that in thus giving the fourth commandment, God calls the
seventh day the Sabbath at the time when he thus placed his blessing upon it.
This most effectually shuts the mouths of those who deny the institution of the
Sabbath at creation.
The great
design of the Sabbath was that there might be a standing memorial of God’s act
of creation. Its observance would have saved the world from atheism and
idolatry; for it has ever pointed back to God, the great first cause; and it
has ever pointed out the true God, the great Creator, in distinction from “the
gods that have not made the heavens and the earth.”
We have
now considered three important facts in the history of the Sabbath. First, its
institution at creation; second, the fact that the true seventh day was pointed
out to Israel; and third, the grand law of the Sabbath, the fourth commandment.
As we proceed in this investigation we notice three different Sabbaths. First,
the weekly Sabbath of the Lord, the
seventh day. Exodus 20:10. Second, the annual Sabbaths of the Jews, the first,
tenth, fifteenth and twenty-third days of the seventh month. Leviticus 23:24,
27-32, 39. And third, the septennial Sabbath of the land, the seventh year.
Leviticus 25:1-7.
The
Sabbath of the Lord was instituted at creation, and at Sinai was embodied in
the royal law, every precept of which according to James 2:8-12, is still
binding upon us. But the Sabbaths of the Jews and the Sabbath of the land were
instituted in the wilderness, and embodied in the hand-writing of ordinances
with the feasts, new-moons and ceremonies of the Jewish church. That
hand-writing of ordinances, which was a shadow of good things to come, was
nailed to the cross by our Lord, thus taking all these festivals out of the
way.
The most
precious blessings are promised to those who observe the Sabbath of the Lord.
Isaiah 56; 58:13, 14. And it is worthy of notice that this prophecy pertains to
a period of time when the salvation of the Lord is near to be revealed. Hebrews
9:28; Isaiah 45:17. The blessing is promised to the sons of the stranger, the
Gentiles, [Exodus 12:48, 49; Isaiah 14:1; Ephesians 2:12,] as well as to the
people of Israel. If they will keep the Sabbath holy unto the Lord while
dispersed in the four quarters of the earth, God will bring them again to his
holy mountain. The promises here made by the prophet shall be verified when the
outcasts of Israel and the sons of the stranger shall come from the east and
from the west and shall sit down with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom
of God. Matthew 8:11.
Notice the
distinction between the Sabbath of the Lord and the Sabbaths of the Jews as
presented in the prophets. Of the perpetuity of the former let us judge after
reading Isaiah 66:22, 23, where we are informed of its observance in the New
Earth. But the Lord assures us by the prophet that the latter shall cease.
Hosea 2:11. The fulfillment of this prophecy may be read in Colossians 2:14-17.
The weekly Sabbath is styled “the Sabbath of the Lord,” “my Sabbath,” etc.
Exodus 20:10; Isaiah 56:4; Ezekiel 20:12-24; 22:8, 26. The annual and
septennial Sabbaths are styled “her Sabbaths” and “your Sabbaths.” Hosea 2:11;
Leviticus 23:32; 26:34, 35, 43; 2 Chronicles 36:21; Lamentations 1:7.
Though the
Scriptures nowhere teach or authorize the change of the Sabbath, yet they
plainly point out the power that should do this. Let the reader compare Daniel
7:25, with the history of the Papal power, and carefully mark its acts of
changing and mutilating the divine constitution, the ten commandments.
We have
seen the grand law of the Sabbath embodied in the decalogue. We come now to the
New Testament. That our Lord did not destroy that law, or lessen our obligation
to obey it, he clearly teaches in Matthew 5:17-19. And we may with the utmost
safety affirm “that the apostles did not disturb what their Lord left
untouched.” Romans 3:31; James 2:8-12. We say therefore that the New Testament
teaches the perpetuity of God’s law, and for
that reason does not re-enact it.
Our Lord
came to “magnify the law and make it honorable.” Isaiah 42:21. He kept his
Father’s commandments, and solemnly enjoined obedience to them, pointedly
rebuking those who made them void that they might keep the traditions of the
elders. John 15:10; Matthew 19:16-19; 15:3-9. “The Sabbath was made for man,”
says the Saviour, “and not man for the Sabbath.” Mark 2:27. If the Sabbath was
made for man, then it belongs alike to Jews and Christians, and to all our
race. The statement carries the mind back to the creation of our race and
evinces that the Sabbath was made in immediate connection with that event. On
the one hand our Lord rebukes the Pharisaic observance of the Sabbath; on the
other, he rebukes with equal force that class of modern teachers who affirm
that the Sabbath of the Lord which Infinite Wisdom made for man before the fall, was one of those Sabbaths which were against him, contrary
to him and taken out of the way at the death of Christ. Colossians 2.
The fact
that those, who had been with Jesus during his ministry, “rested the
Sabbath-day according to the commandment,” after his crucifixion, and resumed
labor on the first day of the week [Luke 23:55, 56; 24:1] shows clearly that
they knew nothing of the supposed change of the Sabbath. Yet Jesus testifies
that all things which he had heard of his Father he had made known unto them.
John 15:15. The fact that God has never sanctified
the first day of the week shows plainly that it is not sacred time, and not a
divinely instituted Sabbath. The fact that God has never required us to rest on
that day shows that its observance in the place of the Sabbath of the Lord, is
a clear instance of making void the commandments of God to keep the traditions
of men. Mark 7:6-13; Proverbs 30:6.
That
sanctified time exists in the gospel dispensation, or in other words, that
there is a day which belongs to God, is clear from Revelation 1:10. That “the
Lord’s day,” is the Sabbath-day is plain from Isaiah 58:13. As the Sabbath was
made for man, we find it under all dispensations, and in every part of the
Bible. Those therefore who profane the Sabbath, sin against God and wound their
own souls.
J.N.A.